Structure & Reactivity in Organic, Biological and Inorganic Chemistry by Chris Schaller is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. University (with contributions from other authors as noted). Schaller, Ph.D., College of Saint Benedict / Saint John's This site is written and maintained by Chris P. Are the compoundsĬonstitutional isomers? (Hint: You may need to add in all hydrogens) Look at the following pairs of compounds. Try filling in the missing line drawing, Lewis / Kekule structures orĬondensed formulae in each line of the table below. Translate the following structures into condensed Translate the following condensed formulae into line
Sometimes there are exceptions in line structures, in whichĪtoms that you might not think about labeling usually do get labels. Remember, in phenol, the hydrogen attached to oxygen was labeled in the line Line structures and condensed formulae for a few different compounds. With keeping track of where all the electrons are.īelow is a summary, showing the relationship between Lewis/Kekule structures, Adding the lone pairs back to the heteroatoms in line structures isĪ good habit to get into, because later in the course we will be very concerned Structures, so you will have to add them back in to think about Lewis You will also note that lone pairs are frequently left out when we use line Heteroatoms (atoms other than carbon, such as oxygen or nitrogen). Note that the hydrogens are not normally omitted if they are attached to A carbon with only one bond drawn to it must have Has a valence of four, we always know how many hydrogen atoms are attached toĮach carbon in order to reach that valence. Taken even further, we will omit the hydrogens from our structures, since theĬompounds of carbon almost always contain hydrogen as well. The atom at the end of a zig-zag line would also be a carbon, unless it is explicitly written as That bond is assumed to be a carbon unless written otherwise. Anytime there is a jointīetween two bonds (drawn as a vertex in a zig-zag line), the atom attached to
Structures, we drop the label "C" for the carbon atoms. To draw the letter C over and over again unless we had a shortcut. There are other abbreviations thatīecause organic chemistry is based on the compounds of carbon, we would have Drawing a line instead of a pair of dots for bonding pairs ofĮlectrons makes it easier to draw structures. They can also be cumbersome, especially if we are dealing with very Use it now, and thank us forever. The position of the double bond is given by the smaller of the two numbers contain- ing the carbon atoms of the double bond.Lewis structures can tell us a lot about how atoms come together to make Recursive Formula Calculator -Recursive formula calculator is an online tool which helps you do the hard calculations effectively by dividing more significant problems into sub-problems. For alkenes (alkynes) the parent hydrocarbon is the longest carbon chain containing the double (triple) bond. Subsristedikames (Mol Make a model of butan to model of butane Removeone hydrogen and substitute a chlorine atom C.H.CL CA mers will have t he chain of cartons.) Draw conden las for each of these monochlorobunes below wow many different lorers of chlorobutane can you maker Unsaturated Molecules kenes and alkynes are hydrocarbons that have more than a single bond between carbon ydrocarbon Condensed Formula Structural Formula Suffix -ane Type alkane R CCR -ene alkene R,CCR -yne -các- | alkyne RCCR More nomenclature 1. Draw condensed structural formulas and name all 5 isomers. Hexane has a total of 5 different isomers.
Now rearrange the carbon atoms to make different mers of hexane. Complete the Chemical Formula Structural Forma Condensed Formula Name Butane or n-butane Isobutane or 2-methylpropane Drawing Isomers Vale a model of n-hexane, CH, using the molecular models and write its condensed ral formula in the table below. I we r e they solubility's, melting points, boiling points, without atoms to make the other s er obte. Transcribed image text: Somers somers are con different arran have different rearrange the ato compounds having the same w as c onso rangements of these stoms.
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